Civil War

Title: From Edward Fitch to Dear Parents
Description: In an April 28, 1861 letter to his parents in Massachusetts, Edward Fitch of Lawrence, Kansas declares, “did you think that you would ever live to see it—a Civil War, the most horrible of all wars.” He informs them that he has joined an artillery company. He adds that the military “is organising in large numbers” in Lawrence, but he expresses his fear that if Missouri secedes from the Union, Kansas will not have enough arms or ammunition for defense. He also expresses concern that the Cherokee and Choctaw tribes will fight for the South.
Date: April 28, 1861

Title: From Samuel R. Ayres to Lyman Langdon
Description: This letter, dated May 6, 1862, is from Samuel R. Ayres to Lyman Langdon. Ayres states that he was ordered, along with the 7th Kansas Volunteer Regiment, to report at Fort Riley. The 1st and 2nd Kansas Volunteer Regiments and the 12th and 13th Wisconsin Regiments are also at Fort Riley, Ayres says, and they are all preparing to move to New Mexico. Ayres suspects that the purpose of the relocation is to move the abolitionist soldiers away from “the vicinity of slavedom.”
Date: May 6, 1862

Title: Muster and Descriptive Roll of Recruits, Kansas, 1862-1865
Description: This military roll provides a "record of recruits, &c. rec'd, ass'g'd, and forwarded, bounty notations and casualties" in Kansas from 1862-1865. The roll lists descriptive information for each soldier, including name, age, regiment, rank, and enlistment date.
Date: 1862-1865

Title: From Calvin Iserman to Brother William
Description: This letter, ca. April 1861, was sent by Calvin Iserman in Independence, Missouri, to his brother William. Calvin writes that Independence “is the strongest secession town” in Missouri. He writes that men from Independence “seized the State Arsenal” at Liberty, and Lincoln has ordered federal troops to retake it. Calvin declares that all Union supporters “who can get away” are leaving the area. The letter includes a brief note addressed to “sister Gusta,” presumably written by Calvin's wife.

Title: From Daniel R. Anthony to Father
Description: This letter, dated November 24, 1861, was written by Daniel R. Anthony at Camp Union, Kansas City, Missouri, to his father. Anthony describes commanding eight companies on a recent military expedition to Pleasant Hill in Cass County, Missouri; he is now on his way to take up headquarters at Independence, Missouri. Anthony discusses his involvement in a “desperate” battle at the Little Blue River near Independence, in which the Union side won. He also says that a soldier under his command found guilty of stealing will be shot that morning.
Date: November 24, 1861

Title: From Abishai Stowell to "Distant But Not Forgotten Sister"
Description: On February 4, ca. 1862-1865, Abishai Stowell writes from Leavenworth, Kansas to his "Distant but not Forgotten Sister." Stowell reports that regiments from Kansas and Wisconsin have arrived in Leavenworth, "and there are more coming in every day." He expects that his own mounted rifle regiment will move south very soon. Stowell says he plans to send a daguerreotype of himself "if we get paid before we leave here."
Object Type: Letter

Title: From A.J. Huntoon to Lizzie P. Huntoon
Description: In this letter, dated July 17 and July 20, 1861, A.J. Huntoon writes to his wife Lizzie P. Huntoon. On July 17, A.J. writes from Camp Lincoln, headquarters of the 3rd Regiment, Kansas Volunteers, in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. A.J. describes his trip from Topeka to Fort Leavenworth, stating that four companies are in camp there, while another five have gone to Kansas City. On July 20, A.J. reports he is in camp at Kansas City, where there are rumors of an imminent secessionist attack; he believes there is no great danger.
Date: July 17, 1861-July 20, 1861

Title: From A.J. Huntoon to My Dear Wife
Description: A.J. Huntoon writes a letter from Williamsport in Shawnee County, Kansas to his wife Lizzie, reporting that Rebels have fired at U.S. troops in Independence, Missouri. He adds that hundreds of Kansas troops have left Lawrence and Fort Leavenworth to assist U.S. troops in Kansas City and St. Joseph, Missouri. The letter, dated June 16 and 19, 1861, also mentions recent shootings in Leavenworth and Atchison, Kansas. Huntoon writes, “We may look for these as common occurrences in Kansas, for a while at least. All carry arms now . . . Men are paying out their last cent for them.”
Date: June 16, 1861-June 19, 1861

Title: From A.J. Sexton to Catherine
Description: This letter was written on April 6, 1862, by A.J. Sexton to his wife Catherine. A.J. states that his regiment is camped near Lawrence, Kansas and may go next to New Mexico. He writes about the health of the men in his regiment, mentioning several illnesses and deaths. A.J. says that he received two months’ pay the previous week, and plans to send $15.00 to Catherine by express. He asks Catherine if she has received any money from the state, and wants to know “how you get along for money.”
Date: April 6, 1862

Title: From Charles Adair to Samuel Lyle Adair, Florella Brown Adair, Emma Adair, and Ada Adair
Description: On December 10 and 13, 1862, Charles Adair writes from Rays Mill and Cane Hill, Arkansas, to his parents Florella Brown Adair and Samuel Lyle Adair, and sisters Emma and Ada Adair. Charles reports that he was involved in a “hard battle” at Boonesboro, Arkansas on November 28, and provides a brief account of the fighting. He also describes the Battle of Prairie Grove, in which his regiment fought on December 7. Charles says that they are given enough clothing and food in the army, but “I have suffered dreadfully for the want of sleep.”
Date: December 10, 1862-December 13, 1862

Title: From A.J. Sexton to Catherine
Description: A.J. Sexton writes a letter from Leavenworth, Kansas to his wife Catherine in Wisconsin on February 26, 1862. Sexton, a member of the 12th Regiment of Wisconsin Infantry Volunteers, describes daily life at Fort Leavenworth, where his company is headquartered. He also announces that the city of Nashville recently surrendered to the Union and “the general opinion is that the war will soon close.”
Date: February 26, 1862

Title: From W.E. Prince to R.T. Van Horn
Description: This telegram was sent from Capt. W.E. Prince at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas to Maj. R.T. Van Horn on August 23, 1861. Prince instructs Van Horn to "destroy everything" if forced to "abandon position." He also tells Van Horn to "continue work on gun" and to "communicate with Lexington and obtain Grahams Company ordered by me to this place."
Object Type: Telegram
Date: August 23, 1861

Title: From W.E. Prince to James Henry Lane
Description: This dispatch, dated September 23, 1861, is from Capt. W.E. Prince at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas to Gen. James Henry Lane. Prince reports that the Union forces surrendered to the Missouri State Guard at the First Battle of Lexington on September 20. He also states that Gen. Sturgis expects Lane and his troops to report to Kansas City.
Date: September 23, 1861

Title: Map Showing the Progress of the Public Surveys in Kansas and Nebraska
Description: This black-and-white map, signed by Mark W. Delahay, Surveyor General, was issued by the Surveyor General’s office in Leavenworth, Kansas on September 2, 1861. The map shows the progress of the public surveys in Kansas and Nebraska, and was produced to accompany the Surveyor General’s report of 1861.
Object Type: Map
Date: September 2, 1861

Title: Letters Received 1863-1865
Description: This notebook, kept by Capt. John A. Wilcox, 4th U.S. Cavalry, Mustering & Disbursing Officer, contains a record of letters received between 1863 and 1865. The book records the date each letter was received, the letter writer's name, and a summary of the content. Topics addressed include mustering out, enlistment of veterans, and general business. Letter-writers include Col. B.L.E. Bonneville in Benton Barracks, Missouri and Maj. J.E. Burbank in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
Date: 1863-1865

Title: From Leigh R. Webber to Miss Brown
Description: On May 28 and 29, 1862, Leigh R. Webber writes a letter from the Steamer Robert Campbell Jr. near Liberty, Missouri, to Miss Brown. Webber reports that he spent nine days marching from Fort Riley to Fort Leavenworth, and is now "moving down to 'Dixie's Land'…Our men are dying off so fast at Corinth, that we expect our turn will come next. But there is no fear or shrinking among us." He believes his regiment is better prepared for battle now than they were at the Battle of Wilson's Creek in 1861.
Object Type: Letter
Date: May 28, 1862 - May 29, 1862

Title: From James Henry Lane to E.M. Stanton
Description: This letter, dated February 8, 1862, is from James Henry Lane to E.M. Stanton, Secretary of War, in Washington, D.C. Writing from Leavenworth, Kansas, Lane states that he supports the proposal to extend the Platte County Rail Road from Weston, Missouri to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He urges Stanton to offer his support, arguing that the extension would help the government transport army supplies and troops.
Date: February 8, 1862

Title: From Leigh R. Webber to "Senorita Morena"
Description: This letter, dated April 30, 1862, is from Leigh R. Webber in "Camp of the Kansas First" to "Senorita Morena" (Miss Brown). Webber says his regiment is comfortably situated, and declares, "Fort Riley is not to be slurred at. It beats Fort Leavenworth all hollow, and Fort Scott is nowhere beside it." He reports that "We had a general inspection on Monday, and were mustered this forenoon," and adds that the soldiers will soon receive new equipment and arms.
Object Type: Letter
Date: April 30, 1862

Title: Certificate of Lost Horses on October 20th, 1864
Description: In this military document, Captain James J. Akard certifies that two horses of the Missouri State Militia 8th Cavalry Regiment Company "A" were killed during the Battle of the Big Blue River on October 20, 1864.
Date: February 16, 1865

Civil War on the Western Border: The Missouri-Kansas Conflict, 1854-1865

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