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Title
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From Jesse Newell to John W. Geary
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Description
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In this September 20, 1856 letter to Kansas Gov. John W. Geary, Jesse Newell complains that he was driven from his house by a band of guerrillas. He claims that they destroyed his property and threatened to hang him, his son Robert, and his brother-in-law. He adds that his neighbors are not safe either, and that his neighborhood is “pested” with guerrillas.
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Object Type
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Letter
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Date
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September 20, 1856
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Title
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John Ross
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Description
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Charcoal portrait of John Ross in suit coat, shirt, and string tie. Ross was one of Quantrill's guerrillas and took part in the raid on Lawrence, Kansas, August 21, 1863. He was with Quantrill when Quantrill was mortally wounded in Kentucky. Ross, along with 14 others of Quantrill's band, surrendered to the U.S. Army at Samuel's Depot, Kentucky, July 25, 1865.
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Object Type
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Image
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Title
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Battle of Boonville Political Cartoon
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Description
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This black-and-white cartoon, ca. June 1861, mockingly depicts Confederate General Sterling Price “taken with a Violent Diarrhea” at the beginning of the Battle of Boonville. Price is depicted in military uniform with his pants down, saying “I didn’t think the Smell of Gun-powder would have such an effect on my Bowels.” A note below the cartoon refers readers to the daily papers from June 20, 1861.
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Object Type
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Image
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Title
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St. Louis, Missouri
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Description
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This stereograph displays the commercial district of St. Louis, Missouri."
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Object Type
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Image
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Date
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1862 - 1868
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Title
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Slave Hire
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Description
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In this document, James Lawrence and W.W. Walter promise to pay Hugh G. Rees sixty dollars for the hire of a 15-year-old female slave named Nancy. Lawrence and Walter agree to “treat the said girl humanely…and not take her out of the State of MO.” The two men promise to return Nancy to Rees on January 1, 1856.
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Object Type
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Legal Document
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Title
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From Florella Brown Adair and Charles Adair to Samuel Lyle Adair
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Description
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This letter was written on April 14 and 15, 1861 by Florella Brown Adair and Charles Adair in Greenfield, Ohio, to Samuel Lyle Adair. Florella reports that she has been thinking about “the mysterious providence of God toward Kansas & toward our church, why does he permit such trying & afflictive things to come upon us as a people?” Charles finishes the letter on April 15, stating that they will be home the following week. He refers to the capture of Fort Sumter and declares, “The war has begun.”
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Date
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April 14, 1861-April 15, 1861
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Title
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Battle of Hickory Point
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Description
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Painting by Samuel J. Reader depicting the Battle of Hickory Point. On September 13, 1856, James H. Lane led a force of jayhawkers against Hickory Point, a proslavery settlement in Jefferson County, Kansas that had supported an attack against Grasshopper Falls. Lane soon understood that he lacked artillery to attack the log buildings, and he retreated. During the retreat, Missourians pursued Lane's forces and attacked, but the jayhawkers returned fire. After receiving word that Territorial Governor John Geary had ordered a ceasefire, Lane withdrew, but reinforcements from Lawrence under command of Colonel James A. Harvey arrived on September 14, toting the captured cannon "Old Sacramento," and fired on the town. One proslavery man was killed, four others wounded, and several Free-Staters were wounded before a ceasefire was called and the Missourians withdrew from the area. 100 Free-Staters were arrested by U.S. troops, but they were later acquitted for acting in self-defense.
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Object Type
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Image
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Title
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Constitutional Convention, Topeka, Kansas Territory [Topeka]
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Description
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Wood engraving depicting the Topeka Constitutional Convention of December 15, 1855. At the convention, Free-Staters voted to adopt the Topeka Constitution for Kansas Territory, provisionally banning slavery in Kansas and allowing suffrage for "civilized" male Native Americans, but still excluded blacks from settling in the state. However, the constitution failed to gain the recognition of proslavery settlers and the federal government, including President Franklin Pierce, who declared the Topeka legislature to be illegal and treasonous.
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Object Type
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Image
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Date
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December 15, 1855
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Title
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Examination of Mortimer Deering
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Description
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This is Mortimer Deering's 1866 Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Deering, a 42-year-old Virginia native, states that he has lived in Missouri for 17 years and was enrolled by the military authorities as "loyal" in 1862. The oath is No. 200 in a bound volume.
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Object Type
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Government Document
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Date
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1866
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Title
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Soldier, Eleventh Kansas Volunteer Cavalry
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Description
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This sepia carte de visite, ca. 1861-1865, depicts an unidentified soldier who served in the Eleventh Kansas Volunteer Cavalry. Carte de visites were small photographs that were often used as calling cards and became very popular during the Civil War.
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Object Type
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Image
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Title
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Stephen A. Douglas
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Description
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Black and white portrait of Stephen Douglas, Senator from Illinois and designer of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
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Object Type
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Image
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Title
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Description
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This is a photograph of President Lincoln’s handwritten draft of the final Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln liberated millions of African Americans from slavery with these famous words: “I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free.” The original draft of the Proclamation, issued on January 1, 1863, was lost in the Chicago fire of 1871.
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Object Type
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Government Document
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Date
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January 1, 1863
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Title
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From Florella Brown Adair to Samuel Lyle Adair
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Description
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This letter was written on February 26 and 27, 1861 by Florella Brown Adair in Grafton, Ohio, to her husband Samuel Lyle Adair. Florella writes that “much excitement prevails here in anticipation of the inauguration of Pres. Lincoln, many fears are expressed in his behalf, there is a good deal of war spirit felt most every where I go, most feel that the time for compromise has passed. I hope we shall not have war but I fear it.”
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Date
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February 26, 1861-February 27, 1861
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Title
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From Edward Fitch to Dear Parents
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Description
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On September 8, 1855, Edward Fitch writes a letter from Lawrence, Kansas to his parents in Massachusetts, reporting that Governor Andrew Reeder was nominated for Congress at the recent convention in Big Springs, Kansas. He also informs his parents of his efforts to protect a free black man against a group of pro-slavery men who wanted to capture and enslave him. If they hadn’t eventually backed down, Fitch says, “we should have pitched in to them with our rifles.”
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Date
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September 8, 1855
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Title
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Examination of Michael Ryan
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Description
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This is Michael Ryan's Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Ryan, a 44-year-old resident of Clay County, Missouri, states that he remained loyal to the United States Government during the Civil War, though he did, at times, call himself a "Southern man." He says that he "did not like it" when the Federal army was defeated at Bull Run and adds, "the more that was killed the less I thought of the thing." His oath, labeled No. 82 in a bound volume, was signed by Ryan in 1866.
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Object Type
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Government Document
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Date
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1866
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Title
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Assassination of President Lincoln
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Description
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Joseph Edward Baker painting of John Wilkes Booth fleeing the scene of President Lincoln's assassination at Ford's Theater.
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Object Type
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Image
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Title
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Robert T. Van Horn
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Description
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Portrait view of Robert Thompson Van Horn, as an early middle-aged man. Identified as Kansas City Pioneers with name written on back of photograph.
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Object Type
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Image
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Title
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Battle of Cold Harbor
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Description
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Kurz & Allison lithograph of the Battle of Cold Harbor, one of the final battles of the Overland Campaign fought from May 31 to June 12, 1864.
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Object Type
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Image
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Title
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From John B. Wood to George L. Stearns
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Description
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On November 19, 1861, John B. Wood writes a letter from Lawrence, Kansas to his friend George L. Stearns in Boston, informing him that thousands of slaves have escaped Missouri and settled in Kansas. He says that in the past ten days, 131 escaped slaves have moved into Lawrence. Most of them have found employment on farms, Wood writes, but when the harvest season is over, they may be out of work. Wood worries that there will be “much suffering” and death, and he asks Stearns to “lay this matter before the friends of humanity of the East and ask them to send us funds” to assist the liberated slaves.
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Date
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November 19, 1861
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