Civil War

Title: From John Brown to Orson Day
Description: This letter, dated December 14, 1855, is from John Brown to Orson Day of White Hall, New York. Writing from his homestead in Osawatomie, Kansas, Brown tells Day that he has just returned from the "Kansas War" and that he believes Kansas Territory is now "entirely in the power of the Free State men." He announces that on the following day, Kansas residents will vote on whether to adopt the Free State Constitution. Brown also informs Day that he has secured a piece of land for him in Kansas.
Date: December 14, 1855

Title: From J.B. Henderson to R.T. Van Horn
Description: This letter, dated March 3, 1864, is from J.B. Henderson in Washington City to Col. R.T. Van Horn. Henderson expresses regret that Van Horn has been mustered out of service, and says he filed an application authorizing Van Horn to raise a brigade. Henderson also reports that "Mr. Lincoln will favor immediate emancipation," and predicts that Lincoln will win the nomination at the Union Convention.
Date: March 3, 1864

Title: Deed of Emancipation of James O. Swinney's Slaves
Description: In this document, James O. Swinney announces that he will emancipate his slaves on January 1, 1864, "in view of the present condition of the institution of slavery." He adds that if he dies before that date, his brother-in-law, William Morrison, will be appointed as his trustee. This document was signed by Swinney and two witnesses, W.H. Savage and James C. Savage, in Howard County, Missouri, on September 4, 1863.
Object Type: Legal Document
Date: September 4, 1863

Title: From S.C. Pomeroy to Col. S.W. Eldridge
Description: On October 8, 1863, S.C. Pomeroy writes from Parker House, Boston to Col. S.W. Eldridge. Pomeroy states that he submitted a proposal to "the Committee" to appropriate $5,000 in funds for rebuilding the destroyed Free State Hotel in Lawrence, Kansas. Pomeroy also proposes that once the hotel is rebuilt, the Mayor of Lawrence should assign a portion of the donated money to assist families affected by the raid. Pomeroy notes, "This last provision sweetens the thing--and I have little doubt that it will pass."
Date: October 8, 1863

Title: From Jonathan B. Fuller to Dear Father
Description: On June 13, 1864, Jonathan B. Fuller writes from Kansas City, Missouri to his father. Fuller discusses church activities and says that there are probably a few bushwhackers in the area. "Patrols are out every night," he writes, "but the object of them seems more to prevent smuggling ammunition & supplies out of town to the guerrillas than to guard against any attack." Fuller adds that he is to give an address at William Jewell College.
Date: June 13, 1864

Title: From J.B. Henderson to R.T. Van Horn
Description: This letter, dated April 7, 1864, is from J.B. Henderson in Washington City to Col. R.T. Van Horn in Jefferson City, Missouri. Henderson writes that he might try to get Van Horn appointed to office. He expresses his frustration with politics in Washington, stating that "It requires a degree of subservience that I hate," and that whenever President Lincoln makes decisions, "some secretary interferes and he caves."
Object Type: Letter
Date: April 7, 1864

Title: Affidavit of Charles H. Vincent
Description: This is Charles H. Vincent's affidavit concerning the August 1863 collapse of the women's military prison in Kansas City, Missouri. Vincent states that he was familiar with the building, that it was well constructed, and that it shared a common wall with a building occupied by soldiers. He adds that the soldiers removed columns and partitions in that building, causing it to fall and thus causing the adjoining prison to fall. The affidavit is dated September 7, 1863 and signed by Vincent and by Philip S. Brown, Jackson County Notary Public.
Object Type: Legal Document
Date: September 7, 1863

Title: From Jonathan B. Fuller to Dear Father
Description: On October 24, 1864, Jonathan B. Fuller writes from Kansas City, Missouri to his father. Fuller describes the recent Battle of Westport in which the Confederates were "repulsed" and reportedly suffered 32 casualties. He admits, "I do not feel overmuch pleased with our defenders. It seems to me that with the force we had yesterday, we ought to have driven the Rebels like chaff--instead of acting as we seem to have done for half the day on the defensive simply."
Date: October 24, 1864

Title: Swinney Family Portrait
Description: This black-and-white portrait, ca. 1860, was made from an original daguerreotype of the Swinney family of Glasgow, Missouri. James O. Swinney served as a captain and aide-de-camp in the Enrolled Missouri Militia from 1862-1863.
Object Type: Image

Title: From S. Shelly to Mrs. Staples
Description: This letter, dated February 20, 1865, is from S. Shelly in Independence, Missouri to Mrs. Staples. Shelly writes that the Missouri Militia will be recruiting soldiers in the area, and "I don't suppose any one will be exempted unless they are blind in boath eys or boath arms taken off." Shelly tells Mrs. Staples that there have been cases of smallpox in the area, but mostly among "negroes and soldiers." Shelly also mentions that mail service was stopped in Denver City "on account of Indian hostilities" but will resume again under military escort.
Date: February 20, 1865

Title: From Joseph A. Lewis to Jonathan B. Fuller
Description: This letter, dated March 13, 1864, is from Joseph A. Lewis in Glasgow, Missouri to Rev. Jonathan B. Fuller in Louisiana, Missouri. Lewis asks Fuller to clarify some of the details of Order 61, which requires ministers to take an oath of loyalty to the United States. He expresses support for the order, declaring, "I can not, and will not, sit under the preaching of a disloyal man."
Date: March 13, 1864

Title: From Thomas C. Fletcher to "Col."
Description: On March 19, 1866, Missouri Gov. Thomas C. Fletcher writes from the Executive Department in Jefferson City, Missouri to "Col." Fletcher reports that Jim Anderson and his men are in Franklin, Howard County, Missouri, and writes, "If they can be captured or killed it would be the best thing for the state I know of." Fletcher believes a platoon would be sufficient for this task, and urges the "Col." to "take hold of the matter."
Object Type: Government Document
Date: March 19, 1866

Title: Release of Robert T. Van Horn
Description: This November 1861 document certifies that Major R.T. Van Horn was released after being a prisoner of war. He had been taken prisoner by the Missouri State Guard at the First Battle of Lexington on September 20, 1861, and was released in accordance with an agreement made between Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont and Maj. Gen. Sterling Price. The certificate is signed by Price and by D. Robert Barclay, Commissioner.
Date: November 1861

Title: Certificate of Exemption of James O. Swinney
Description: This document exempts James O. Swinney from serving in the Missouri Militia during 1864, as per General Order No. 19. The exemption was issued by the Office of Commissary of Exemptions in Howard County, Missouri on April 30, 1864. It was signed by Capt. George H. Carson, Commissary of Exemptions for Howard County.
Date: April 30, 1864

Title: Platte River near Platte City, Platte County, Missouri
Description: Present day photograph of the Platte River near Platte City in Platte County, Missouri.
Object Type: Image
Date: October 4, 2006

Title: Invoices of Quartermaster's Stores in 1863
Description: This military document is a collection of Quartermaster Property Invoices for the Missouri State Militia 8th Cavalry Regiment Company "A" that shows the transfer of various items such as horse collars and harnesses in between Lieutenant Stockley Etter, Captain James J. Akard, and Lieutenant T. E. Gray.
Date: 1863

Title: John C. Fremont
Description: Lithograph by Charles G. Crehan of Jules-Émile Saintin's original painting of John C. Fremont, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing left
Object Type: Image

Title: From Abishai Stowell to "Dear Sister"
Description: On June 11, 1863, Abishai Stowell writes from Mount Gilead, Kansas, to his sister. Stowell states that he is visiting his family and will return to his regiment, the 2nd Kansas Volunteers, in Springfield, Missouri tomorrow. He says they have drawn new horses and arms, and "I suppose we will soon be marching into Dixie land again." Stowell also tells his sister he is not in General Blunt's command.
Date: June 11, 1863

Title: From Edward Fitch to Dear Parents
Description: In an April 28, 1861 letter to his parents in Massachusetts, Edward Fitch of Lawrence, Kansas declares, “did you think that you would ever live to see it—a Civil War, the most horrible of all wars.” He informs them that he has joined an artillery company. He adds that the military “is organising in large numbers” in Lawrence, but he expresses his fear that if Missouri secedes from the Union, Kansas will not have enough arms or ammunition for defense. He also expresses concern that the Cherokee and Choctaw tribes will fight for the South.
Date: April 28, 1861

Title: From Calvin Iserman to Brother William
Description: This letter, ca. April 1861, was sent by Calvin Iserman in Independence, Missouri, to his brother William. Calvin writes that Independence “is the strongest secession town” in Missouri. He writes that men from Independence “seized the State Arsenal” at Liberty, and Lincoln has ordered federal troops to retake it. Calvin declares that all Union supporters “who can get away” are leaving the area. The letter includes a brief note addressed to “sister Gusta,” presumably written by Calvin's wife.

Civil War on the Western Border: The Missouri-Kansas Conflict, 1854-1865

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