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Title
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Report of Slaves Enlisted, Richmond, Missouri
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Description
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This military roll, dated March 30, 1864, shows the total number of slaves enlisted from the 5th Missouri Sub-District at Richmond, Missouri during January 1864. The roll lists each recruit's name, owner, date of enlistment, and the enrolling officer. The document is signed by J.W. Black, Recruiting Agent.
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Date
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March 30, 1864
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Title
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From Eugenia Bronaugh to John A. Bushnell
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Description
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On December 29, 1863, Eugenia Bronaugh of Hickory Grove, Missouri writes a letter to John A. Bushnell in St. Louis. She tells him that she had planned to travel to Deepwater, Missouri, but was unable to go because of the "Kansas Raid." She writes, in reference to Bushnell’s recently freed slaves: “I had hoped that your blacks were giving you no trouble . . . I often wish that ours were as far away.”
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Date
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December 29, 1863
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Title
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"An Abolition Trick Exposed!" Eh?
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Description
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This broadside was published by H. Miles Moore, a writer for the Weston Reporter in Platte County, Missouri, on August 12, 1854. Moore responds to B.F. Stringfellow’s accusations that he is a Freesoiler and “the secret tool of abolitionists.” He angrily denies the charges and claims to despise abolitionists. He includes a letter, signed by 17 other Platte County citizens, that accuses Stringfellow of publicly stating that “all who labor for their daily bread . . . are slaves” and “all females who labor for their daily bread are whores.”
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Object Type
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Broadside
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Date
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August 12, 1854
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Title
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From John S. Jones to George R. Smith
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Description
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On June 30, 1854, John S. Jones writes from the National Hotel in Washington, DC to Gen. George R. Smith. Jones wishes Smith well in the legislative elections, but admits that he hopes "a good Democrat will beat you by a small majority." He declares that Old Bullion "has thrown him self in the arms of Free Soilers and Abolitionists," and adds that he hopes Price is not elected.
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Object Type
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Letter
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Date
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June 30, 1854
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Title
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"Corner Stone" Speech
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Description
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This is the text of a speech that Alexander H. Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America, delivered on March 21, 1861 in Savannah, Georgia. In his discourse, commonly known as the “Cornerstone Speech,” Stephens defends the pro-slavery stance of the Confederate constitution. The cornerstone of the Confederacy, he declares, “rests upon the great truth, that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery—subordination to the superior race—is his natural and normal condition.”
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Object Type
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Speech
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Date
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March 21, 1861
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Title
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From T.W. Trego to Dear Sister Alice
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Description
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This letter, dated September 24, 1862, is from T.W. Trego of Chicago to his sister-in-law Alice in Kansas. He decries the “anxieties of the War” and praises Alice and other women in Kansas for their bravery: “we think very, very often of your exposed situation and believe you must be perfect heroines.” He also commends President Lincoln for announcing that he will issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
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Date
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September 24, 1862
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Title
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Application of George Anderson
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Description
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This is George Anderson’s application for compensation from the United States government for the military service of his slave, Robert. The documents, dated December 30 and 31, 1866, include an oath of allegiance to the United States, a statement that Anderson lawfully obtained his slave, and the signatures of two witnesses and a notary public. The application was filed by Anderson’s attorney, John M. Richardson, in Pettis County, Missouri.
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Object Type
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Legal Document
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Date
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December 30, 1866-December 31, 1866
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Title
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State vs. Thomas Brown
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Description
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These documents, created between 1855 and 1856, relate to the Jackson County, Missouri court case State vs. Thomas Brown. Brown is accused of attempting to take four slaves out of Missouri with the intention of procuring their freedom. The slaves were caught in DeKalb County, Missouri in November 1855; a witness recounts that “Brown stated he took those Negroes for the love he had for them.” In a signed statement dated November 28, 1855, Thomas Brown pleads guilty to the charges.
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Object Type
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Legal Document
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Date
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November 25, 1855 - March 11, 1856
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Title
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From H.M. Rice to William Fowler
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Description
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On January 21, 1865, H.M. Rice, Deputy Provost Marshal, 7th District Missouri, writes from Albany, Missouri to Capt. William Fowler, Provost Marshal, 7th District Missouri. Rice states that he is forwarding the corrected enrollment lists for Gentry County, Missouri. He adds that "Negro Culp" has been seen in the area, possibly on his way to St. Joseph, Missouri "to give himself up." "I will get him if there is any chance," Rice concludes.
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Date
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January 21, 1865
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Title
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From William N. Taylor to Sir
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Description
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This letter of July 3, 1860 is from William N. Taylor, sheriff of Raymond Hinds County, Mississippi; the recipient is presumably a slaveowner. In the letter, Sheriff Taylor indicates he is holding a male slave in his jail who “says that he belongs to you and that he Ranaway from you in Missouri.” Taylor writes, “If he be your property you will please…take him away after paying charges, etc.”
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Object Type
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Letter
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Date
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July 3, 1860
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Title
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Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811-1896
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Description
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Portrait of abolitionist and author, Harriet Beecher Stowe. Stowe's novel, "Uncle Tom's Cabin," galvanized anti-slavery sentiment in the North, while provoking widespread anger in the South.
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Object Type
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Image
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Title
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Constitutional Convention, Topeka, Kansas Territory [Topeka]
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Description
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Wood engraving depicting the Topeka Constitutional Convention of December 15, 1855. At the convention, Free-Staters voted to adopt the Topeka Constitution for Kansas Territory, provisionally banning slavery in Kansas and allowing suffrage for "civilized" male Native Americans, but still excluded blacks from settling in the state. However, the constitution failed to gain the recognition of proslavery settlers and the federal government, including President Franklin Pierce, who declared the Topeka legislature to be illegal and treasonous.
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Object Type
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Image
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Date
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December 15, 1855
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Title
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List of Colored Recruits Enlisted, 6th District Missouri
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Description
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This March 1864 military roll lists the names of enslaved "colored recruits" who were enlisted in the 30th sub-district of the 6th congressional district of Missouri in Chariton County. The roll provides the soldiers' physical characteristics, occupations, birthplaces, and the names of their owners.
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Date
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March 1864
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Title
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Description
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This is a photograph of President Lincoln’s handwritten draft of the final Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln liberated millions of African Americans from slavery with these famous words: “I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free.” The original draft of the Proclamation, issued on January 1, 1863, was lost in the Chicago fire of 1871.
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Object Type
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Government Document
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Date
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January 1, 1863
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Title
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From Edward Fitch to Dear Parents
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Description
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On September 8, 1855, Edward Fitch writes a letter from Lawrence, Kansas to his parents in Massachusetts, reporting that Governor Andrew Reeder was nominated for Congress at the recent convention in Big Springs, Kansas. He also informs his parents of his efforts to protect a free black man against a group of pro-slavery men who wanted to capture and enslave him. If they hadn’t eventually backed down, Fitch says, “we should have pitched in to them with our rifles.”
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Date
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September 8, 1855
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Title
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From John B. Wood to George L. Stearns
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Description
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On November 19, 1861, John B. Wood writes a letter from Lawrence, Kansas to his friend George L. Stearns in Boston, informing him that thousands of slaves have escaped Missouri and settled in Kansas. He says that in the past ten days, 131 escaped slaves have moved into Lawrence. Most of them have found employment on farms, Wood writes, but when the harvest season is over, they may be out of work. Wood worries that there will be “much suffering” and death, and he asks Stearns to “lay this matter before the friends of humanity of the East and ask them to send us funds” to assist the liberated slaves.
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Date
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November 19, 1861
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Title
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From George Henry Hoyt to George L. Stearns
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Description
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This letter, dated August 13, 1862, was written by George Henry Hoyt in Leavenworth, Kansas, to George L. Stearns. Written on the letterhead of “Office Recruiting Commissioner, Northern District, Kans.,” the letter addresses the organization of the 3rd Regiment of Colored Kansas. Hoyt states that the regiment is “armed, uniformed, and equipped precisely as other Kansas Regiments,” while its officers are all “men of tried and settled principles.”
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Date
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August 13, 1862
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Title
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From Mary C. Irvine to Mr. Bohart
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Description
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On September 13, 1863, Mary C. Irvine writes to Mr. Bohart. Mary thanks Bohart for sending news of her son, who was wounded at Champion Hill. She asks Bohart to tell her son that many changes have taken place in the neighborhood, such as the escape of local slaves to Kansas: "Mr. Bedford's negroes have run off and took about $500 worth of horses with them." Mary adds that many of their neighbors are relocating to different states including Kentucky and Illinois, and that it would not be safe for her son to return home now.
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Date
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September 13, 1863
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Title
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From Eugenia Bronaugh to John A. Bushnell
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Description
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Eugenia Bronaugh writes a letter to John Bushnell in St. Louis on December 16, 1863. She tells him that the Kansas Delegation recently invaded her hometown of Hickory Grove, Missouri and stole property and recently-freed slaves from people whom they had determined were disloyal to the government. Eugenia complains that Christmas is around the corner and “yet great armies are in the field and among them my own dear Brothers.”
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Date
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December 16, 1863
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